Rs 11.05 but billed for Rs 325: Why do medical consumables cost so much in private hospitals?

A hospital emergency visit can leave you relieved that your loved one is safe. Then the bill arrives. But how are the prices of medical consumables such as IV cannulas, IV sets and syringes decided?

South First examines hospital bills, government procurement rates and regulatory documents to investigate the price gap between what medical consumables may cost institutions and what patients can ultimately be charged. In Telangana, a twenty-gauge IV cannula procured through government channels at five rupees and seventy-one paise appeared on a private hospital bill at three hundred and one rupees. In Karnataka, a regulatory review of two hundred and fifty-six products found substantial differences between reported institutional acquisition costs and printed maximum retail prices.

The question is not simply why hospitals charge more.
The question is: can patients see how the final price was calculated?