Kumaraswamy's early years in politics were marked by challenges and he lost his deposit in 1998 when he sought re-election from Kanakapura.
HD Kumaraswamy. (X)
HD Kumaraswamy — The 65-year-old Karnataka JD(S) chief and former chief minister of the state — took oath as a Cabinet minister in the Narendra Modi-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government on Sunday, 9 June. His inclusion in the Union Cabinet underscores the strategic alliances shaping the future of both state and national politics.