Health experts issue guidelines to combat possible health risks due to rising temperatures and prolonged exposure to heat.
With the temperature fast soaring across the South, health experts are raising concerns over the potential health risks associated with heat waves and prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
Doctors have emphasised the need for precautionary measures to avoid heat-related illnesses, while state governments and the India Meteorological Department (IMD) have issued guidelines to follow during the summer to maintain one’s well-being.
Heat exhaustion, characterised by symptoms such as excessive sweating, fatigue, dizziness, headache, and muscle cramps, is more prevalent during the scorching summer days.
Speaking to South First, health experts warned that an extended period of high temperatures, coupled with humidity, could impact one’s health.
Hyderabad-based physician Dr Rajeev Kaushik stated that cases of heatstroke are likely to increase, especially in rural areas.
“A heatstroke occurs when the body becomes overheated and struggles to cool down. It is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when the body’s temperature regulation system fails,” Dr Kaushik told South First.
“It is characterised by a body temperature above 40°C (104°F), hot and dry skin (lack of sweating), rapid heartbeat, confusion, disorientation, unconsciousness, and even seizures,” he added.
The doctor said the most common health-related issue during the summer is, of course, dehydration.
“High temperatures can lead to increased sweating and fluid loss, resulting in dehydration. Symptoms include excessive thirst, dry mouth, dark-coloured urine, fatigue, dizziness, and reduced urine output,” according to Dr Kaushik.
Besides this, the high summer temperature can also worsen respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Heat can also put stress on the cardiovascular system, leading to increased heart rate, high blood pressure, and an increased risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular events, particularly in individuals with existing heart conditions.
“People may feel distressed during the summer, but it shouldn’t lead to any disorder unrelated to the heat,” explained Dr Pragya Rashmi, a psychologist based in Hyderabad.
Talking to South First, she highlighted a unique issue during the summer, which is an increase in substance abuse, particularly the use of coolants. Some individuals turn to cold beer or local alcoholic beverages, such as “hooch” to cool themselves down and fall asleep, which can be problematic.
Dr Rashmi further explained that dehydration can lead to a decrease in Vitamin B12 levels in the body since it is water-soluble. This can result in restlessness, difficulty focusing, and a lack of motivation.
To overcome these challenges, she advised maintaining optimal activity levels. “It’s important not to overexert oneself or be too lethargic. Hydration is crucial, not just through drinking water, but also by applying lotion to keep the skin hydrated,” said Dr Rashmi.
She recommended using a mild summer lotion to prevent skin irritation and dry lips. For individuals who have to spend time in the sun, she advised planning the day to minimise exposure during peak temperature. Consuming fresh seasonal fruits is also advisable.
Dr Rashmi emphasised adjusting one’s food intake according to the season. It’s best to avoid excessive fried food or heavy dishes like biryani, which can be difficult to digest in hot weather. Instead, opting for lighter and more nutritious meals is recommended.
As temperatures continue to rise in various states, health officials and the IMD have issued warnings regarding potential health issues.
The Telangana Health Department has advised people be alert to the following conditions that may arise due to high temperatures:
The IMD has also issued provided guidelines to follow during high temperatures:
If you work outdoors, use a hat or umbrella for shade and a damp cloth to cool your head, neck, face, and limbs.
In case a person is affected by sunstroke, lay them in a cool place in the shade, wipe their body with a wet cloth, and frequently pour room-temperature water on their head to bring down their body temperature.
Offer ORS, lemon sherbet, or other hydrating beverages. Seek immediate medical attention and hospitalisation, as heatstrokes can be fatal.