FSSAI said that these low-grade plastics can release toxic substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and other chemicals when exposed to high heat and can leach into food items, potentially causing adverse health effects.
Published Mar 02, 2025 | 11:47 AM ⚊ Updated Mar 02, 2025 | 11:47 AM
Idlis on plastic sheet.
Synopsis: Taking serious cognizance of reports concerning the use of plastic sheets in the steaming process of idlis in some restaurants in Karnataka, the FSSAI issued instructions to the Karnataka State Food Safety Department to submit a report at the earliest and take immediate action against violators. Using plastic sheets raises significant food safety concerns due to the potential leaching of harmful chemicals from plastic into the food.
In many hotels across Karnataka and even in other South Indian states, idli preparation is done in large batches to serve multiple customers efficiently. The process begins with soaking and grinding rice and urad dal to make a smooth batter, which is then fermented overnight for a soft texture.
In some places, to prevent the batter from sticking to the steaming plates, a thin plastic sheet is placed over the molds before pouring the batter. This makes it easier to remove the idlis quickly and maintain their shape.
However, the use of plastic sheets in steaming hot food can be harmful, has warned the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).
Taking serious cognizance of reports concerning the use of plastic sheets in the steaming process of idlis in some restaurants in Karnataka, the FSSAI issued instructions to the Karnataka State Food Safety Department to submit a report at the earliest and take immediate action against violators.
“The State Food Safety Department was asked to take immediate necessary action on the issue and implement strict measures against Food Business Operators (FBOs) or hotels found using plastic in food preparation. The authority is closely monitoring the situation and is committed to ensuring the safety of consumers,” said the FSSAI in a statement.
It added that the practice of using plastic sheets raises significant food safety concerns due to the potential leaching of harmful chemicals from plastic into the food.
“The use of low-quality or non-food-grade plastics in food preparation, particularly under high temperatures, poses a serious health risk,” stated Shri G Kamala Vardhana Rao, CEO at FSSAI in a statement.
FSSAI said that these low-grade plastics can release toxic substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and other chemicals when exposed to high heat and can leach into food items, potentially causing adverse health effects.
Consuming Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates can have several health consequences, as they are endocrine disruptors that interfere with the body’s hormonal system.
BPA mimics estrogen in the body, potentially disrupting normal hormone functions and affecting development, especially in fetuses and children. Some studies suggest that BPA exposure is linked to an increased risk of certain cancers, including prostate cancer.
Additionally, BPA has been associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction by interfering with glucose metabolism. It is also known to contribute to reproductive issues, including infertility in both males and females.
Furthermore, BPA exposure has been linked to neurobehavioral effects such as ADHD, anxiety, and depression, particularly in children.
Meanwhile, phthalates, like BPA, act as endocrine disruptors and can lead to significant health concerns. They are known to affect reproductive health, causing fertility problems and even birth defects.
Exposure to phthalates during pregnancy can result in developmental issues in children. Some studies have also suggested a potential link between phthalate exposure and an increased risk of cancer, although further research is needed.
Additionally, phthalates may contribute to neurological effects, leading to behavioral and cognitive problems similar to those caused by BPA.
FSSAI said it is working closely with the State Food Safety officials to investigate this matter thoroughly and ensure that stringent actions are taken against those who violate food safety regulations.
FSSAI emphasised that food-grade materials and hygienic practices are crucial in food preparation and added that steaming idlis should be done according to convention or approved food-grade materials that do not pose a risk of chemical contamination.
The Karnataka government banned the use of plastic sheets in idli preparation following concerns over health risks, including the presence of carcinogenic substances that can leach into food during steaming. Recent inspections by the Karnataka Food Safety Department revealed that out of 251 samples collected, 52 establishments were using polythene sheets instead of traditional materials like cloth or banana leaves.
“Based on the information that some hotels had started using plastic sheets to prepare idli, we did random checks and found them using plastic. The hoteliers should not have done this as plastic is carcinogenic,” Health Minister Dinesh Gundu Rao had said.
These practices were flagged as hazardous due to the release of toxic chemicals at high temperatures. Violators have been fined, and the government is enforcing strict measures to ensure compliance, urging hotels and food vendors to adopt safer alternatives such as stainless steel, banana leaves, or cotton cloth.
Experts warn that prolonged exposure to these chemicals — such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates – can lead to severe health risks, including hormonal imbalances, metabolic disorders and even cancer. These substances are known endocrine disruptors and have been linked to various health issues.
“This isn’t just about food safety, it’s a public health crisis in the making. There is evidence found of microplastics even entering the womb, so one has to be very careful. They can mess up with hormones as well,” said Dr Abhay G, an endocrinologist from Bengaluru.
(Edited by Muhammed Fazil.)
