Published Feb 26, 2026 | 7:00 AM ⚊ Updated Feb 26, 2026 | 7:00 AM
Representational image. Credit: iStock
Synopsis: GLP-1 receptor agonists, widely known as “weight-loss injections,” are not cosmetic fixes but medical tools for patients who fail to benefit from sustained lifestyle changes. Doctors stress they’re prescribed at specific BMI thresholds, with risks carefully monitored. Side effects exist, and long-term success depends on diet, exercise, and behavioural change alongside medication.
The surge in demand for GLP-1 drugs — often dubbed “weight-loss injections” — has moved from diabetes clinics into everyday conversations.
Social media buzz and celebrity testimonials have created the impression of a quick fix for weight loss. But endocrinologists warn that these medications are not cosmetic solutions and are meant for carefully selected patients with clear medical needs.
Doctors emphasise that GLP-1 receptor agonists are tools to improve health outcomes, not shortcuts to rapid weight loss. Understanding who qualifies, when lifestyle measures are considered insufficient, and what risks patients must weigh is critical before starting therapy.
Doctors say medication enters the picture only when sustained lifestyle efforts fail to deliver meaningful health benefits.
Dr YD Meherprasad, Senior Consultant, Endocrinology & Preventive Healthcare, MGM Healthcare- Malar, explains that some patients put in sincere effort yet struggle to lose weight in ways that improve their health.
“If some people, even though they try very hard, they may not be able to reach a significant weight loss which can impact their health,” he told South First, noting that doctors then discuss alternatives such as medications or surgery.
Clinical thresholds also guide decisions.
Speaking to South First, Dr Sarika N Holla, Consultant General Physician, Kinder Hospitals, Bangalore, notes that GLP-1 drugs are typically considered when BMI exceeds 30, or above 27 with conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease, particularly when lifestyle measures have failed.
She stressed that “lifestyle modification through diet and physical activity continues to remain the first-line treatment,” even when medication is introduced.
Medication is not the starting point. Patients are encouraged to pursue structured diet and exercise plans for months before pharmacological options are explored.
Dr Holla points to six months as a common benchmark to evaluate whether weight loss is achievable through lifestyle changes alone. If adequate progress is not seen, GLP-1 therapy may be considered.
Dr Meherprasad stresses that medicines are only supportive tools. “Medicines are like an adjunct, add-on thing to help you make lifestyle changes,” he said, underscoring that long-term success depends on addressing root causes such as stress, illness, depression, or limited mobility.
He added that maintaining weight loss is often harder than losing it: “Weight loss is one aspect that is a difficult bit. But weight loss maintenance is an even more difficult task.”
While GLP-1 drugs are primarily prescribed for adults, doctors evaluate patients individually, considering medical history, reproductive status, and risk factors rather than gender alone.
Dr Holla cautions that these medications are not recommended during pregnancy and should be avoided in individuals with a history of pancreatitis or certain thyroid cancers.
“Regular medical follow-up is essential during treatment,” she said, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.
Dr Meherprasad noted that obesity’s impact goes beyond physical health. “People whose weight affects their mobility or emotional well-being may need lifestyle changes, behavioural support, and treatment.” he said, adding that medication may help them initiate change.
GLP-1 receptor agonists play different roles depending on whether the patient has diabetes, obesity, or both.
Dr Holla explains that these medications improve blood sugar control while promoting weight loss. “When prescribed for diabetes, the primary aim is glycaemic control; when used for obesity alone, weight reduction becomes the main objective,” she said.
Common agents include semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide, many administered as weekly injections. The choice depends on the patient’s condition and treatment goals.
Dr Meherprasad emphasised their behavioural impact, noting that the drugs suppress appetite and cravings.“It suppresses appetite and reduces cravings.” he said, adding that this helps patients retrain their eating habits.
Like all medications, GLP-1 drugs carry potential side effects and require careful monitoring.
Dr Holla lists common reactions such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, and giddiness, largely due to delayed gastric emptying. “Patients should therefore avoid eating beyond fullness,” she advised.
Long-term effects are still under study, making regular follow-up essential. The drugs are not recommended during pregnancy or for those with certain medical histories.
Dr Meherprasad cautioned that medication alone cannot sustain weight loss.“Unless they address the underlying causes and adopt lifestyle changes, they may not sustain the weight loss.” he said, warning that weight regain is possible if habits do not change.
He added that treatment should help patients “train your mindset” for lifelong healthy living.
Doctors agree that GLP-1 drugs can be transformative when used appropriately in patients who meet medical criteria. However, they are not miracle cures.
Dr Meherprasad stressed that the medications work best when paired with lasting lifestyle changes. “You have to live with the changes all your life,” he said, reinforcing that sustainable habits remain the cornerstone of treatment.
Used responsibly, these drugs can help patients break the cycle of obesity and metabolic disease — the very goal of South First’s BOLD campaign.
For patients considering GLP-1 therapy, the message is clear: consult a qualified specialist, understand the criteria, and view medication as one part of a lifelong commitment to health.
