Chola treasures: Exploring the living heritage of South India

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By Chithra Madhavan

14/12/2023

The Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram, and Darasuram temples are under the care of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and are part of the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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The temple in Thanjavur, now called the Brihadishwara temple, was originally called Rajarajesvaram, after Rajaraja Chola I who commissioned the construction.

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The temple is known for a row of sculptures of the karanas (dance movements) described in the Natya Sastra, an important treatise on Indian dance.

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Rajendra Chola I (1012-1044 AD), shifted his capital from Thanjavur to Gangaikondacholapuram where he constructed the gigantic temple to Lord Siva called Gangaikondacholisvaram.

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Even though it is a few meters shorter than the vimanam in Thanjavur, this one is as stately and has often been termed as the feminine counterpart of the Thanjavur vimanam.

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The sculptures of this temple are simply outstanding. Deserving of special mention are those of Chandesa Anugrahamurti and the one of Sarasvati opposite it.

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The temple in the town of Darasuram, constructed during the reign of Rajaraja Chola II (1146-1173 AD), was originally named Rajarajeshwaram but is now called the Airavateshwara temple.

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The most eye-catching feature of this temple is the pillared mandapa (pavilion) through which devotees have to pass to enter the main shrine.

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